Bad Effects of Albumin-Bound Copper

This article shows the capacity of albumin-bound copper to become redox-active by just about any form of oxidative stress [Gryzunov et al., 2003: (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12706341)]. Here's another one that discusses the participation of albumin-bound copper in redox cycling reactions, generating "free radicals" en masse [Kagan et al., 2001: (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12044332)]. Severe copper depletion can cause anemia and bone marrow failure, pancytopenia, etc., but the mechanisms that exist to retain copper and transport it, bound to ceruloplasmin, seem to be pretty efficient. Copper turnover is really slow. I think the redox cycling reactions with copper are more damaging in some ways than the reactions with non-transferrin-bound iron (free iron), but I forget what the reasons are. I think copper accumulation, such as in Wilson's disease, is, depending on the way you make the comparison, more damaging than the iron deposition and accumulation in hereditary hemochromatosis.